Through relaxation, balance, connection, forward rhythm without rushing, connection and symmetry, dressage develops full range of motion for quality smooth gaits.
How Dressage Improves Quality Smooth Gaits
By Jennifer Klitzke
My Tennessee walking horse, Makana as a two year old.
As an avid dressage rider of the trotting horse variety since 1988, I had competed with my hard-to-sit Trakehner/thoroughbred gelding successfully through Second level dressage.
Then in 2007, I learned about smooth gaited horses that don’t trot, and I began searching for a horse that would be easier on my aging body. That’s when I fell in love with my first naturally gaited Tennessee walking horse, Makana. She was just turning three years old. Dressage was the only riding method I knew, so that’s how she was trained.
Trot or smooth gait, all horses need training
Beginning our training, I thought a Tennessee walking horse was born to be smooth! Well, smooth gaits like the flat walk and running walk are natural and inherent, BUT it was up to me to develop them.
I was familiar with walk, trot, and canter. My naturally gaited TWH had these gaits, too—plus a myriad of new gaits. Some were smooth, some not so smooth. I needed to identify the smooth gaits as the flat walk, running walk, fox trot, and saddle rack and began to develop each gait on cue. Then I helped my horse maintain more and more consecutive steps of each smooth gait without breaking. Over time we would work on refining the quality of each natural smooth gait.
My naturally gaited Walking horse also came with a few gaits that were not so smooth such as the pace, stepping pace, and lateral canter. These were gaits I wanted to discourage.
Communication tools
A dressage rider communicates with the horse through consistent use and timing of rein, leg, seat and weight aids. The reins connect to a mild snaffle bit, and the rider teaches the horse how to accept and follow the snaffle bit contact. The rider learns to follow the natural head and neck motion of the horse.
It takes an educated rider to train a horse. Regular lessons are a great place to start. I have been taking lessons for over 30 years. Dressage is never mastered. It is great for people who are life-long learners. Learn More: Is Dressage Riding the Right Choice for You?
Smooth, natural gaits such as the flat walk, running walk, fox trot and saddle rack are fun to ride! Shown above is a naturally gaited and barefoot Tennessee walking horse performing an evenly timed, four beat flat walk with a head nod.
Connection and the head nodding horse
My biggest question, “How do you ride a head nodding horse using dressage?”
Dressage taught me to follow the natural head and neck motion of the horse’s walk with relaxed arms to maintain a light snaffle bit contact. Some naturally gaited horses, such as my Tennessee Walking Horse nods her head and neck at the walk, flat walk, running walk, and fox trot. Do I follow the natural head and neck motion in these gaits to maintain a light snaffle bit contact? yes.
It was a lot easier to maintain a light contact riding at a trot since the horse’s head and neck remained stationary. Now I would need to learn a following contact with my horse’s head and neck nod. This would prove important since maintaining low fixed hands leads to tension in the mouth, lower jaw and back which encourages pace and hard trot.
Following the natural motion of the head nod with relaxed shoulders, arms and hands would be my best way to earn trust and relaxation with my horse. This was new territory as we began our gaited dressage journey.
A good dressage program teaches the naturally gaited horse:
Relaxation of mind and body
Balance
Forward rhythm and tempo without rushing
Connection
Symmetry
Collection
Over time, these attributes develop the full range of motion of collected through extended smooth gaits and improve the quality of natural smooth gaits for long term soundness.
How dressage improves quality smooth gaits:
Dressage teaches a rider a balanced position and effective use and timing of rein, leg, seat and weight aids that lead a horse into relaxation of mind and body, balance, forwardness without rushing, rhythm, connection, straightness and collection over time
By relaxing the horse’s mind, the horse is in a more trainable state of mind
By relaxing the horse’s mouth, jaw and back, pace and hard trot can be replaced with a smooth natural four beat gait
With lateral exercises, the naturally gaited horse can develop symmetry to be more ambidextrous and supple
A good dressage program improves confidence in the rider which leads the horse into more trust in the rider as the leader
Most of all, naturally gaited horses flourish when ridden using a good dressage program that builds partnership, trust, and respect as compared with domination training methods or the use of severe bits, heavy shoes, chains, pads, artificial enhancements, and mechanical devices
A good dressage program develops your horse’s best quality, smooth, natural gaits on cue.
Over the years, it is clear that dressage has improved the smooth, four-beat quality and range of movement in my naturally gaited Tennessee walking horse. Her collected walk, medium walk, free walk, extended walk, flat walk, running walk, fox trot, saddle rack, and canter are well established now—all smooth and on cue. We are even dabbling with counted walk and steps of piaffe!
Watch: How dressage improves smooth gaits
Enjoy the journey! If you are on this gaited dressage journey, I’d love to hear from you. Contact us»
My naturally gaited Tennessee walking horse and I put 7 years of DVD and book study to practice at the Légèreté clinic with Linda Kaye Hollingsworth-Jones.
USA Légèreté with Linda Kaye Hollingsworth-Jones
By Jennifer Klitzke
In October 2019, owners Rick and Kari of the Schmitt Training Center in Sommerset, WI hosted the first Midwestern Légèreté clinic with Certified Master Instructor Bertrand Ravoux from France. This year COVID-19 put a halt to Bertrand’s USA travels. We’ve also learned that further clinics with him need to be filled with committed instructor-in-training students to expand USA Légèreté.
So this year Rick and Kari reached out to USA Légèreté Level One Certified Instructor Linda Kaye Hollingsworth-Jones of Idaho to continue our study. I was thrilled to participate as a student with my naturally gaited Tennessee walking horse, Makana. She was the only gaited horse among impressive breeds: Lusitano, Zweibrücken, Selle Français, Holsteiner, Dutch Warmblood, Norwegian Fjord, Arabian and Thoroughbred. Horses and riders ranged from starting Légèreté to those schooling, extended trot, tempe changes, and piaffe.
My DVD library of Classical French Dressage Master Philippe Karl that I continue to resource as I learn this method with my naturally gaited horses and trotting horses.
Last year’s clinic with Bertrand Ravoux was a perfect introduction to Légèreté. This year, Linda’s clinic took me to the next level of understanding. Not only is she a knowledgeable and experienced rider, trainer and teacher of Légèreté, she is hilarious, personable, and gives each student and horse 110% attention.
The first day, Linda began by riding each horse through the Légèreté program to realize the horse’s needs.
The Légèreté program begins at a slow, organized walk in this sequence of exercises:
Fléchi droit: stretching the outside neck muscles while the horse’s body remains straight
Neck extensions: stretching the spine and top line while maintaining balance
Counter bends: checking shoulder mobility
Shoulder in and haunches in on a circle: checking hindquarter mobility
Transitions between shoulder in and haunches in along the wall in preparation for half pass
Half pass to reverse pirouette
Then checking the trot (or gait) and canter
We watched Linda ride each horse in relaxation and lightness to the hand and leg through this sequence of exercises and beyond. We watched her organize her aids to organize each horse into balance. Within 20 minutes, we even watched her ride the advanced horses in extended trot, tempe changes and piaffe!
Riding unfamiliar horses. Horses that didn’t know her. Some were new to the program of Légèreté. Within 20 minutes Linda had a plan to meet each horse’s needs. This truly demonstrated her vast riding and training knowledge and abilities. Plus, she had the endurance to provide each student 110% through the three-day clinic. Wow!
Each student rode the remainder of the lesson(s) while Linda coached them through the program of Légèreté and into their horse’s training needs:
Teaching the rider to organize their rein, leg, seat and weight aids
Coaching the rider to organize the horse into balance, lightness, and engagement beginning at a slow organized walk and then into an organized trot (or gait) and canter
Organized for the horse means as slow as needed in each gait so that all four legs are under the horse’s body mass
Some of the horses at the clinic were gifted with elegant, long-striding movement. This includes Makana, my naturally gaited Tennessee walking horse who loves to be long from nose to tail. Long-striding gaits make up part of the full range of motion. Horses also need to develop shorter, collected, carrying steps. These body-building movements develop different muscles and a more balanced posture by folding the hindquarters and bending the hock joints. This collection helps the horse sit behind more in order to raise the wither and lift the chest, head and neck.
Since long-striding movement comes naturally for Makana, Linda introduced her to a more collected and organized walk and smooth gait using the exercises and progression of Légèreté . The organized smooth gait is shorter steps that are more balanced where all four legs are beneath the body mass. This is new for Makana as I have always pursued the longest stride length in her smooth gait. This doesn’t mean I replace the long striding smooth gaits, the organized smooth gait is another smooth gait on cue that builds new muscles for the full range of motion.
The purpose of the shorter-striding movements are not to replace the long-striding gaits, rather improve them and expand upon the full range of motion.
Fléchi droit is a warm up exercise that stretches the outside neck muscles while riding the horse’s body straight. This teaches the horse how to travel in a straight line with the neck bent 45-90 degrees to the inside before teaching circles. This exercise teaches the horse to be balanced equally on both shoulders without collapsing to the inside shoulder. It is important to establish this shoulder balance before teaching circles, otherwise the horse will learn to fall onto the inside shoulder.Linda coaching me in a fléchi droit on a circle where I organize my aids to organize the horse to stretch the outside neck muscles while riding her body on the arc of a circle.Neck extension: Allowing the horse to stretch out and down, yet not lower than the poll (between the ears) at wither height in order to maintain balance.Linda coaching me from the fléchi droit to a neck extension to stretch without rushing or falling on the forehand. I raise my hands so that I make contact with the less sensitive corners of my horse’s lips instead of pulling back with low hands that would press on the tongue.Counter bend neck rein turns are the next exercise to see how mobile the horse’s shoulders are. This can be done on a serpentine, circle, square or random squiggle.Linda coaches me in organizing my rein aids in timing with my horse’s front leg steps. First slightly bend to the outside and see the outside eye, then draw both hands over as the horse steps forward with the outside leg and to the inside with the inside leg which shifts weight to the inside shoulder.Shoulder in, Travere or Haunches In on a circle are great exercises to test the mobility of the hind leg stepping under the belly. In Legerete, the angle varies according to what the horse needs in building mobility instead of sticking to a rule of three tracks.After shoulder in, Linda coaches me in organizing my rein, leg, seat and weight aids to draw my horse’s haunches into the circle in proper timing with her outside hind leg stepping under her belly.Renvers or haunches out is another exercise to check the mobility of the hindquarters.Then we proceeded to shoulder in and haunches in along the wall to prepare for half pass. Linda rides Makana from the wall to the centerline in a half pass at a walk. Then at the centerline, she directs Makana into a reversed pirouette.The shoulder in and travere prepare my horse for the half pass. Here Linda coaches me in organizing my rein, leg, seat and weight aids to organize Makana to equally step under and over with the hind leg and over with the shoulder in the direction of the bend.Once Makana became more balanced, light and engaged through the exercises, Linda asks for an organized and balanced smooth gait which is on the fox trot spectrum.Linda coaches me through several transitions of rein back to organized walk. The rein back steps need to be smaller so that she sits behind.Makana maintains a nice poll flexion in the rein back, organized walk, and lateral exercises yet tends to open the poll at the organized smooth gait.Linda helps me organize the poll flexion at an organized walk before the transition to the organized smooth gait.
Then Linda coached me through transitions of organized walk travere (haunches in) on a small volte to the organized smooth gait, as well as transitions of rein back to organized walk and organized smooth gait. These transitions help Makana fold more behind, sit, engage and be higher in the wither and lifted in the chest, head and neck. Her organized smooth gait still has a head nod, yet not as pronounced as the flat walk.
Linda is coaching us with two whips. One asks the hind legs not to step behind the tail and to fold more. The other whip encourages the haunches to bend.Linda says that a true piaffe is when the hind quarters bend and lower, the base becomes shorter, and the wither raises. A true piaffe doesn’t need a jump step. Some horses gifted in passage have a harder time learning piaffe and tend to passage in place. They have a harder time shortening the base.The final exercise Linda coaches us through is rein back to steps of piaffe to canter. Because piaffe is a diagonal gait, it is great for the gaited horse to learn in order to improve canter quality.
For me, being a student with my naturally gaited Tennessee walking horse in this Légèreté clinic connected many dots in my book and DVD studies. Linda thanked me for bringing such a well-schooled Tennessee walking horse to the clinic—something outside the norm (both a gaited horse at a Légèreté clinic and a well-schooled Tennessee walking horse in Légèreté principles).
My biggest Légèreté clinic takeaways with Linda
The importance of being an organized rider
The organization and effective timing of the rider’s leg, rein, seat, and weight aids in order for the horse to become organized
The importance of rider awareness of the horse being light to the hand and leg
Becoming immediately aware of heaviness on the rein with a prompt demi-arête and immediate release when the horse stops being heavy
Becoming aware of the horse’s light responsiveness to the leg and following up with the whip when needed and an immediate cease of the leg or whip when the horse responds
The sequential progression of the Legerete program
Flechi droit: stretching the outside neck muscles
Neck extension: stretching the spine and top line
Counter bends: checking the mobility of the shoulders
Shoulder in and haunches in on a circle: checking the mobility of the hindquarters
Shoulder in and haunches in along the wall in preparation for half pass
Half pass to reverse pirouette
Then checking the trot (or gait) and canter
Then once my horse is in balance, maintain it through the next neck extension; the importance of not throwing the horse onto the shoulders once balance has been established
Redirecting Makana’s ideas of opening the poll at will by teaching her poll flexion
Allowing the horse an open poll is one thing; the horse choosing an open poll is another and Linda helped me become aware of this
The importance of continual transitions between exercises, gaits, and direction to improve balance, lightness, strength, and lightness
Riding transitions often pointed out to me my need to ride more of them, such as preparing Makana in an organized walk on a counter bend volte or a haunches in volte before releasing her to an organized gait down the long side of the arena and transitioning to an organized walk volte at the other end instead of riding several minutes of consecutive unorganized gait
The importance of working the horse’s full range of motion not just the gaits that come natural for the horse
This means educating the horse in stretching and body-building exercises both laterally and longitudinally, actively forward and long elegant strides, as well as slow, engaged, short, balanced, carrying steps to improve the quality of all gaits and full range of motion
Using diagonal exercises to break lateral movement such as improving canter quality using diagonal transition exercises as rein back to piaffe to canter and shoulder in and travere on a volte at an organized walk to an organized smooth gait
Teach the horse how mobilize its shoulders in balance
Last year Bertrand introduced the counter-bend turns to mobilize the shoulders which has made both of my naturally gaited horses much lighter, more balanced and has improved Lady’s gaits
For the horse that is heavy on the forehand (collapsing one or both shoulders) and continually leaning on the hands, a terrific exercise is counter bending the horse just enough to see the outside eye and neck reining with both hands to the opposite direction in timing with the shoulder movements. This is key!
By neck rein, it means that the rider draws both hands to the opposite side of the bend. This teaches the horse to move the shoulders. If the horse isn’t moving the shoulders, then the rider makes sideways nudges in timing with the front leg steps until the horse moves or a light tap with the whip on the outside shoulder. (Don’t use the inside leg in this exercise because it will talk to the hind leg instead of the shoulder). This is also key!
This counter bend neck rein exercise can be done on a circle, figure 8, or serpentine changing the bend at each short side to the counter bend and walking straight between bends to the next counter bend loop. Or in a random squiggle so that the horse has to pay attention to the rider
Friends, I highly encourage you to purchase Philippe Karl’s DVDs and books.
You will not be disappointed. If you live near a Légèreté clinic, it is a must see! There is discussion about having Linda back for another clinic. No doubt, I will be there as an auditor or rider for sure.
I will continue to share approved photos from the Ecole de Légèreté community on the Naturally Gaited Facebook page. Make sure you “like” and “follow” to stay connected.
Practicing flechi droit at home after the clinic.
Stay tuned. I share my application of what I learned in the clinic with my naturally gaited horses in future posts. I am especially excited to apply all that I learned with Lady, my naturally gaited fox trotting horse in helping her be light to the hand and help my naturally gaited Tennessee walking horse be more balanced.
Practicing rein back with smaller steps that bend and fold the hind quarters.Since the clinic our piaffe steps are becoming more purely diagonal.
If you are on this gaited dressage journey, I’d love to hear from you. Contact us»
While both the flat foot walk and the flat walk have a head and neck nod and are even four beat gaits, how can you tell them apart?
Flat Foot Walk and Flat Walk: How can You Tell the Difference?
By Jennifer Klitzke
How can you tell the difference between a Tennessee walking horse flat foot walk and a flat walk? While the horse has a natural head and neck nod and natural four beat gait in both the flat foot walk and the flat walk, how can you tell the difference?
The main difference between the flat foot walk and the flat walk is that the flat foot walk still has a lot of motion in the horse’s back that the rider needs to follow. In the flat walk, the horse’s back is still and there isn’t motion to follow so the rider’s pelvis doesn’t move.
Not only that, both the flat foot walk and the flat walk can be ridden in many variations: free walk, working walk, medium walk, collected walk, extended walk.
Watch this video below:
Flat Foot Walk vs Flat Walk, How to Tell the Difference?
The secret is in watching the rider’s pelvis. If the pelvis is moving to follow each step, it is a flat foot walk. If the rider is still without bracing, it is a flat walk.
If you are the rider, it is a little trickier to discern. Begin to notice if in motion, the horse’s back is still, the gait is smooth as glass, it sounds like a four-beat gait with a head and neck nod with each hind leg step. Then it is likely a flat walk or running walk.
If the horse’s back has a lot of motion to follow with your pelvis, while the horse’s head and neck continue to nod with each step, it is likely a flat foot walk.
Counter bend with neck rein moves balance from the outside shoulder to the inside shoulder.
Do you have a gaited horse that’s heavy on the forehand and leans on the bit? Counter bend exercises have helped my gaited horses find balance and lightness.
Counter Bend Balance and Lightness for the Naturally Gaited Horse
By Jennifer Klitzke
For years I rode true bends along the arc of on a circle as I trained my non gaited and gaited horses. While the true bend helps the horse strengthen the inside hind leg as it steps under its body mass, it wasn’t helping my naturally gaited horse find balance and lightness through the shoulders.
Why? Because my horses were on the forehand and I needed to teach a shoulder moving exercise before introducing true bend exercises. It wasn’t until I learned a simple but effective exercise called the counter bend neck rein turn that we found lightness, straightness and balance in the shoulders.
What is a Counter Bend Neck Rein Turn?
Introduced to me during a French dressage clinic, the counter bend neck rein turn became a game-changer on our journey towards balance. This exercise shifts the horse’s balance from the outside shoulder to the inside shoulder. The horse’s outside foreleg steps forward while the inside foreleg steps into the circle as if the horse is extending sideways. It is a terrific exercise to help the horse find shoulder balance, straightness, and lightness.
How Counter Bends are True
After this clinic I began applying counter bend neck rein turns with my naturally gaited horses. This exercise began at a slow walk before increasing the tempo to a slow smooth gait. We did counter bend turns in a variety of patterns such as serpentines, squares, figure eights, circles and random turns any time we needed to regain balance and lightness in the shoulders.
To my amazement, the counter bend neck rein turns have freed up my horses’ shoulders and improved the quality of our true bends. My naturally gaited horses have become lighter in my hands because they are less on the forehand and more balanced overall.
Counter bend with neck rein turn moves balance from the outside shoulder to the inside shoulder.
Steps to the Counter Bend Neck Rein Turn:
With an equal light contact with both reins riding in a snaffle bit, I position the horse just enough to see the outside eye while keeping the neck straight.
To turn, I draw both hands toward the inside of the circle (opposite side of the bend) with gentle nudges in timing with the inside shoulder as it begins to lift forward. This encourages the inside leg to move forward and slightly into the circle. The outside leg continues straight and forward. The front legs do not cross over the inside leg for the counter bend turn.
Important tip: This is a shoulder moving exercise, not a hindquarter moving exercise. The rider uses the reins to move the shoulders, not the legs. The rider only uses the legs to cue the horse forward as needed, not to activate an outside hind leg or inside hind leg.
I like to start the counter bend exercises at a SLOW walk until I am organized with my aids in timing with my horse’s shoulder steps and that my horse understands the concept of the exercise before we progress to more tempo at a walk or smooth gait.
Counter Bend Applications: Counter bend neck rein turns can be applied on a serpentine by changing the counter bend at each turn, on a figure eight and changing the counter bend in the center, on a square by applying a counter bend neck rein turn at each corner, on a circle by maintaining a counter bend, or a random counter bend turn any time I feel the need to rebalance and straighten the shoulders.
What a Counter Bend Turn is NOT
This is NOT a counter bend neck rein turn. Crossing the outside foreleg over the inside foreleg throws the horse out of balance instead of moving the shoulders in balance. The purpose of the counter bend neck rein turn is to move the horse in balance from the outside shoulder to the inside shoulder. This will help the naturally gaited horse find lightness in their smooth gait.
Counter bend on a circle at a fox trot in regular and slow motion.
Counter bend turns have helped my naturally gaited horses became lighter on the forehand, lighter in the bridle, more balanced in the shoulders. Then I began to re-introduce true bends, shoulder-in and shoulder-fore exercises as long as Lady remained light in the shoulders. I began to notice improvement in engagement and lifting her back to a neutral position.
Together the counter bend and true bend exercises have improved bit acceptance, balance, engagement from behind, activating the abdominal muscles to lift the back, and lifting the chest and shoulders, plus Lady’s naturally smooth fox trot is getting faster without breaking into a hard trot!
Counter bend neck rein turns have helped us find lightness and balance in the shoulders and now I can apply shoulder in and haunches in with greater balance and effectiveness!
Do you have months and months and months of winter time off? Then spring arrives and you can’t wait to ride again. Only your horse has grown a sagging hay belly and is desperately out of shape. Now what?
Free Lunging Boot Camp for the Naturally Gaited Horse
By Jennifer Klitzke
Ever since my husband and I moved to our farm, it feels like I have to start all over again each spring after five months off. On one hand, I love seeing my horses every day even though the winters get long without an indoor arena. The downside is having to start the first month of spring getting back to where we left off in the fall.
When I used to board my horses, I rode year-round in an indoor arena during the winter months. This kept me and my horses in shape, and we didn’t have the downtime we have now.
Yet, winter offers me time to read my dressage books. Time to study our videos. Time to reflect on how we are doing and what we need to improve upon.
In my winter studies, I became aware of a few things in my riding that I have started to apply now that spring is here.
Stretching stiff outside muscles
Reading Philippe Karl’s Twisted Truths of Modern Dressage offers many insights about why horses are crooked, the symptoms of crookedness, and a how good dressage program helps horses become ambidextrous and equally flexible. This spring I am making a conscious effort to stretch stiffer outside muscles to become even with the flexible side. Read more>
The importance of engaging the hindquarters AND engaging the abdominal muscles to lift the back
It occurred to me that teaching the naturally gaited horse to engage the hind quarters to step deeper under its body and engage its abdominal muscles to lift its back are two separate functions. Both are essential for top line muscle development. I have noticed that engaging the hindquarters does not automatically engage the abdominal muscles to lift the back to a neutral position.
I wrongly believed that by engaging the hindquarters for a deeper step under the body also engaged the abdominal muscles to lift the back. This may be the case for some horses, but not all.
For me, I had to recognize this on video and photos and then begin to develop a sense of feel while in the saddle for when the horse’s back was hollow and when the horse’s back was neutral.
When I ask the horse for a quality rein back, I feel the back and wither lift. So this is the feeling I seek to maintain. The rein back, transitions between gaits, and a quality canter engage the abdominal muscles and so does a stretching trot.
Now that it is spring, I have started a few new tactics with my naturally gaited Tennessee walking horse Makana and naturally gaited fox trotting mare Lady. Neither are spring chickens. Both are 16 years old. And both have developed sagging hay bellies over winter.
Getting back in shape starts in the cross ties
While in the cross ties, I have started to apply belly lifts. I poke them in the belly until they lift their back to a neutral position. I ask them to hold their back up for a few seconds. Then I release and praise them, rub their belly, and give them a snack. I do the belly lift about six times on both sides.
Free lunging
Then I take each horse to the round pen for free lunging. Normally I tack up my horse with a saddle and bridle, cross the irons, and loop the reins. For the purpose of this post, I free lunged Lady without tack to show how free lunging in trot and canter improve engagement of the hind quarters and abdominal muscles to lift the back.
Allowing the naturally gaited horse to trot at liberty will not ruin the horse’s smooth gait. In fact, teaching a gaited horse a quality trot on cue can improve the quality of smooth gait.
Below is a series of photos during our 20-minute free lunging session.
Pictured above is Lady, my 16-year-old naturally gaited fox trotting mare. I captured this photo in the beginning of our free lunging session that lasted about 20 minutes. You can clearly see how much of a sagging hay belly she has, how hollow her back is, how disengaged she is from behind (not stepping deep under her belly and her hind leg trails behind her tail), and how much she is on the forehand.
This is Lady about 10 minutes later. I encourage her to trot. While she trots, I encourage her to stretch her top line muscles. Notice the difference in the engagement of the hind legs and the back is more neutral. Lady is being free lunged in a round pen. This forces her to stretch her outside muscles. When she travels counter clockwise, she stretches her stiffer outside muscles.
I also encourage Lady in the working trot. Her poll (between her ears) is about level with her whither. Notice that her back is neutral, her stomach is not sagging, and she is engaged from behind. A quality trot like this builds the top line muscles, stretches the outside muscles (when on a circle), teaches the horse rhythm, and relaxation.
The other thing I encourage while free lunging is transitions from trot to canter to trot. Notice how the canter teaches Lady to step deep under her belly and lift her back.
I have been free lunging both Lady and Makana for 20 minutes each five days a week. I ask them to travel counter clock wise more than clock wise so that they stretch their stiffer outside muscles.
After free lunging, I work each horse in hand for 5-10 minutes to soften the jaw and poll and encourage the horse to taste the bit. Then I ride for another 20 minutes.
Contains information related to marketing campaigns of the user. These are shared with Google AdWords / Google Ads when the Google Ads and Google Analytics accounts are linked together.
90 days
__utma
ID used to identify users and sessions
2 years after last activity
__utmt
Used to monitor number of Google Analytics server requests
10 minutes
__utmb
Used to distinguish new sessions and visits. This cookie is set when the GA.js javascript library is loaded and there is no existing __utmb cookie. The cookie is updated every time data is sent to the Google Analytics server.
30 minutes after last activity
__utmc
Used only with old Urchin versions of Google Analytics and not with GA.js. Was used to distinguish between new sessions and visits at the end of a session.
End of session (browser)
__utmz
Contains information about the traffic source or campaign that directed user to the website. The cookie is set when the GA.js javascript is loaded and updated when data is sent to the Google Anaytics server
6 months after last activity
__utmv
Contains custom information set by the web developer via the _setCustomVar method in Google Analytics. This cookie is updated every time new data is sent to the Google Analytics server.
2 years after last activity
__utmx
Used to determine whether a user is included in an A / B or Multivariate test.
18 months
_ga
ID used to identify users
2 years
_gali
Used by Google Analytics to determine which links on a page are being clicked
30 seconds
_ga_
ID used to identify users
2 years
_gid
ID used to identify users for 24 hours after last activity
24 hours
_gat
Used to monitor number of Google Analytics server requests when using Google Tag Manager
1 minute
Marketing cookies are used to follow visitors to websites. The intention is to show ads that are relevant and engaging to the individual user.
A video-sharing platform for users to upload, view, and share videos across various genres and topics.
Registers a unique ID on mobile devices to enable tracking based on geographical GPS location.
1 day
VISITOR_INFO1_LIVE
Tries to estimate the users' bandwidth on pages with integrated YouTube videos. Also used for marketing
179 days
PREF
This cookie stores your preferences and other information, in particular preferred language, how many search results you wish to be shown on your page, and whether or not you wish to have Google’s SafeSearch filter turned on.
10 years from set/ update
YSC
Registers a unique ID to keep statistics of what videos from YouTube the user has seen.
Session
DEVICE_INFO
Used to detect if the visitor has accepted the marketing category in the cookie banner. This cookie is necessary for GDPR-compliance of the website.
179 days
LOGIN_INFO
This cookie is used to play YouTube videos embedded on the website.
You must be logged in to post a comment.